Explain what sources of finance are available for small to medium sized companies and explain why they sometimes face difficulties in raising finance free essay sample

The SME (Small and medium endeavor) segment is one of the pivotal significant supporter of monetary development regarding Gross Domestic Product(GDP) and occupation creation worldwide(IFC,2010). As per OECD(2006), SMEs had made in excess of 60% of the openings for work for OECD nations. That circumstance for creating districts are considerably progressively self-evident. There is no uncertainty that the advancement of SMEs is firmly connected to national economy. The development of SME area, be that as it may, presents a slowed down propensity, even downturn circumstance, attributable to the inadequacy of getting to fund. This condition may limit and thwart the improvement of little and medium-sized organizations, at that point in a roundabout way influence the countrys economy. In this manner, how to financing productively and beating raising support boundaries for its continuous advancement turns into an irreplaceable a vital part of their activity exercises. The points of this article is to exhibit what reserves raising procedures could be adjusted by SMEs, at that point look at what impediments are looked by them in the financing exercises, and ultimately, giving an end. 2. Assets raising sources accessible for SME 2. 1 Internal financing At the underlying stage, SMEs need to get capital, inside, from proprietors, family members, companions and existing accomplice or firm’s held profit (Abdulaziz Andrew, 2013), because of the fact that the deficiency of straightforward and â€Å"hard† data, for example, lasting track records from bank, fiscal report, acknowledge scoring just as higher immaterial resources. From that point onward, they will in general look for elective sources, for example, outer ways, for financing for its encouraging in the later stage. 2. 2 External value based financing External value financing incorporates funding, business holy messengers and open value. All in all, they are more reasonable than obligation for the youthful SMEs since they encountering capital hole and incapable to raise advances by means of security(Abdulsaleh Worthington, 2013), because that value capital has no extraordinary discount date(Ou Haynes, 2006), and without selling things for its provider. An investigation composed by Hogan and Hutson (2005) shows the comparable perspectives that when TBSFs (innovation based little firms) experiencing data asymmetries, particularly in its beginning up stage, they might want to slove its capital hole through value based financing rather than obligation. 2. 2. 1 Venture capital Venture capital(VC) is the assets given to firms at their initial stage to misuse its business, in this way financial specialists plan to get long haul capital gains(McLaney, 2009). These days, the cutting edge little endeavors pull in more consideration regarding financial speculator, as they are bound to produce interests in a moderately present moment. Furthermore, this can be represented by an investigation composed by Bozkaya Van (2008). It exhibits that innovation based little undertakings acquire more cash from funding than different wellsprings of financing in European. Besides, VC is an appropriate route for little and medium venture who were presently absence of lasting and powerful track records and high caliber of security (Abdulsaleh Worthington, 2013 refered to by Gompers, 1995). 2. 2. 2 Business holy messengers Business heavenly attendants are immediate speculation propelled by singular industrialist, as opposed to investments who are predominantly upheld by contributing institutions(McLaney, 2009). Moreover, blessed messengers are not just a sort of capital contributing, likewise a member speculation. Financial specialists will in general effectively take an interest, at the end of the day, in routine tasks, for example, endeavor key choice, key structure just as recruiting directors. 2. 2. 3 Public value Public value is a sort of generally powerful financing path for SME in a develop stage, it fundamentally is through the method of open enlistment to access to reserves, and with value as an arrival for speculators. This methodology very depends on a straightforward impeccable organization budgetary component. 2. 3 Debt financing Debt financing is a suitable path for endeavors to raise outside capitalâ with indicated reimbursement date to restore the head and intrigue. It incorporates exchange credit, open obligation, bank financing just as nonbank budgetary organization obligation. Not at all like value financing which would weakens the proprietors value, and thusly, may halfway denies the proprietor of control of the firm. (Abdulsaleh Worthington, 2013). Obligation financing wo uld be a legitimate methodology for SMEs proprietors to keep up full ownership just as management(Abdulsaleh Worthington, 2013). 2. 3. 1 Trade credit As per Garcia-Teruel Martinez-Solano (2010), exchange credit is a paying understanding which made by vender and purchaser, that permit the purchaser to,in a predefined period, make a conceded installment after the great or administrations having been given. Along these lines, little firms would have a moderately brief timeframe to organize its income and in the end defeating deficiency of money or assets. Besides, exchange credit would be a replacement when other financing methods inaccessible. In other words, little and medium firms will pick up their chance of endurance. 2. 3. 2 Non-bank money related organization obligation Non-bank budgetary institution’s(NBFI) job of loaning is comparable as bank financing to a limited degree, their greatest contrasts are the method of acquiring tryout and the length of the advance terms. As a rule, the advances of NBFIs are longer than the length of the business bank,accordingly, they require higher loan fee, and increasingly severe decision of acquiring venture credit and guarantee. The other job of NBFIs are basically loaning by means of fixed resources or hardware. 2. 3. 3 Leasing According to BergerUdell (2006), renting is that the fixed resources are bought by the moneylender and afterward advance to renter, as rental, under a pre-indicated contract which shows that the fixed resources can be purchased by borrowers toward the finish of the renting. Correspondingly, loan specialist ought to be duty of buying thing, while, resident will be answerable for support of gear. Hazy firms can utilize renting to help for their creation, this is on the grounds that that the endorsing choice isâ mainly dependent on the estimation of rented things, instead of ‘hard’ data, when they have restricted cash for operating(BergerUdell, 2006). 2. 3. 4 Public obligation Although open obligation is a potential method of financing for SMEs, yet as a general rule, it isn't excessively broadly utilized. Since it is restrictive for SMEs to gave open obligation in numerous areas, for example, in china. 2. 4 Bank account for SMEs Financing in bank are varia ble, it includes fiscal report loaning, independent company credit scoring, resource based loaning, fixed-resource loaning, relationship loaning and considering. Dissimilar to different wellsprings of bank-financing, relationship loaning basically relies upon the ‘soft’ data gathered from SMEs by means of legitimately nonstop access to the organizations and its proprietor performance(Berger Udell, 2006). While, fiscal report loaning, resource based loaning and fixed-resource loaning are very comparable in the field of assessing credits and reimbursement capacities of big business. They center around ‘hard‘ data about the organization, for example, budget report, resources, fixed-resources separately, which may increasingly reasonable for SMEs without experiencing data unbalanced. Be that as it may, independent company credit scoring principally relies upon ‘hard’ data about both organization and its owner, and the information about the proprietor are for the most part through their customer and business credit, at that point there will produce a score after a progression of execution evaluation(Berger Udell, 2006). In any case, figuring is a momentary financing strategies that a money related establishment or bank bought the SME’s records of sales with pre-determined charges and premiums (Soufani, 2002). 2. 5 Government help and activities Considering incredible commitment of SMEs as far as a nation’s business and GDP, an ever increasing number of nations execute various types of financing, for example, giving expense exclusion strategy, giving lower enthusiasm of credit and making a decent financing condition, for little and medium-sized endeavors, so as to support its abuse. 3. Explanations behind SME division confronting challenges of financing 3. 1 Financing condition Financing condition incorporates not just the monetary, legitimate and the FICO score framework, likewise incorporates national economy, social condition. SME segment in a created financing condition is all the more simple to access to financing, since it gives a greater adaptability money related assessment framework, financing channels just as better rights insurance. In addition, Beck(2005) found that the improvement of the little firms are all the more effortlessly influenced by the monetary, legitimate, and debasement. Furthermore, In a more grounded data framework, GDP is expanded with the expansion of bank advances, and the credit emergency and the proper data sharing measures is introduced opposite development (Jappelli and Pagano, 2002). 3. 2 Firm attributes during the time spent SME’s financing, the critical boundary lies in its data dark. Due to shorter activity time, and little in its size, they couldn't offer a lasting powerful record as a consumer or budget summary, and furthermore incapable to give the great insurance, as needs be drives them to financing troubles. As indicated by an investigation led by Beck and Demirguc-Kunt (2006), Small organizations were 7% and 3% higher than the enormous and medium-sized undertakings regarding the likelihood of confronting financing obstruction. What’s more, Fatoki and Asah (2011) presume that little and medium-sized ventures setting up over five years have a superior possibility of accomplishment in their credit application than those less in five years. What's more, little and medium-sized firms in various enterprises may pick various sorts of financing and afterward experience various degrees of subsidizing compels. An investigation ana

The Correlation of Emotional Intelligence to Job Performance Literature review

The Correlation of Emotional Intelligence to Job Performance - Literature survey Example Employee’s Job execution is critical to the point that it can spell the contrast among progress and disappointment, suitability and end of an association in a serious business world. Occupation Performance includes amount and nature of results from individual or collective endeavor accomplishment (Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn, 2005). Robbins (2005) depicted occupation execution as the measure of exertion an individual will apply in their activity. Also, the pith of the activity execution depends on â€Å"the requests of the activity, the objectives and missions of the association, and the convictions in the association about which practices are most valued† (Befort and Hattrup, 2003, p. 17). Occupation execution is characterized as the accumulated estimation of the discrete conduct scenes to the association that an individual performs over a standard interim of time (Motowildo, Borman and Schmidt, 1997) 54 One aspect that it needs to investigate for the chance of impr oving worker execution is enthusiastic knowledge. To decide whether enthusiastic fitness has a heading in upgrading representative execution and if there is, on what explicit event does it demonstrate advantageous to the association. ...His principle center was to recommend that the comprehension and view of our own emotions, just as those of others, was a recognizable contrast to that of general intelligence†. Gardner (1983), developing the ideas introduced in early insight fill in just as social knowledge hypothesis, built up a hypothesis of numerous insights. ...one of the seven regions of insight examined in different knowledge hypothesis, individual insight, compares to prior speculations, for example, social knowledge. Two areas or divisions exist inside the hypothesis of individual knowledge. Intrapersonal information or insight portrays the capacity to access and express close to home internal feelings while relational knowledge centers around an individual's capacity to perceive and process feeling in others.â

Adrenal Glands and the Endocrine System

Adrenal Glands and the Endocrine System More in Theories Biological Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Adrenal glands are a type of endocrine gland that is triangle-shaped and located on top of the kidneys. These glands release hormones that can have an effect on a wide variety of body processes and can influence behavior. Structure   The word adrenal comes from the Latin ad meaning near and Renes meaning kidney. The adrenal glands are part of the bodys endocrine system which is composed of a system of glands that release chemical messengers called hormones. These hormones are carried through the bloodstream to specific tissues and organs. The outer part of the adrenal glands is known as the cortex and releases hormones including testosterone and cortisol.The inner area of the adrenal glands is known as the medulla and produces the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine. Effects of the Adrenal Glands When the adrenal glands produce too much or too little of a hormone, illness can result. Different types of adrenal disorders include Cushings syndrome and Addisons disease. The hormones released by the outer part of the adrenal glands help control things like the immune system and metabolism. The hormones released by the inner cortex control the bodys stress response and is often referred to as the fight or flight response. When faced with a threat, the body releases stress hormones that prepare the body to either stay and deal with the problem (fight) or avoid the issue (flight). Have you ever been in a situation where you were very frightened? Your heart rate and breathing probably quickened as you became tensed and ready to take action. That is the bodys response to the stress hormone epinephrine. By putting your body on high alert, you are better prepared to take action or run from the threat if necessary. Also Known As: Suprarenal glands, Kidney hats

Myth vs. Science and Religion

William Blake Essay - 2131 Words

William Blake William Blake was born in 1757 during a time when Romanticism was on the rise. Romantic poets of this day and age, living in England, experienced changes from a wealth-centered aristocracy to a modern industrial nation where power shifted to large-scale employers thus leading to the enlargement of the working class. Although Blake is seen as a very skillful writer his greatest successes were his engravings taught to him by a skilled sculpture. Blake differed from other poets in that he never received a formal education. His only education consisted of the arts, and therefore he enrolled in the Royal Academy of the Arts around the age of twelve. It was only in his spare time that he showed any interest in poetry. At the†¦show more content†¦One proof of his disagreement is displayed through his poem London. London is a part of his anthology Songs of Experience which will be further discussed and analyzed later. Before comparing poems from both Innocence and Experience, it is best to know a little background on both. First, the title Innocence refers to the purity that the youth possesses compared to Experience, which relates to an adult. According to the Cambridge History of English Literature, Innocence was seen as having two parts. The first being that innocence assumes the world was made for the benefit of human beings, has human shape and a human meaning and is a world in which providence, protection, communication with others has a genuine function. The other is the ignorance of the fact that the world is not like that. As a child (Innocence) grows up, his conscious mind is able to accept reality or in this case experience and his childhood innocence is lost and remains only in his dreams. There are two poems in Songs of Innocence that will be discussed in further detail. They are Introduction, and The Chimney Sweeper. In both these poems, the characteristic of a caretaker is introduced, which is shown in the relationship of a shepherd who cares for his sheep and the special world in which they live. The first poem is The Chimney Sweeper. Although there is slight admission to the hardships faced by the innocents of the world, the main view is that of hope and a prayer for a betterShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake As An Apprentice Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Blake born in London on the 28th of November in 1757 to a hosier names James and Catherine Blake with six siblings and 2 died in early age. Blake spoke of having visions in his early childhood. He saw god putting his head to the window when he was at the age of four and around the age of nine, he saw a tree filled with angels while walking through the countryside. His parents notice that he was different fro m his other siblings and they did not force him to attend conservative school. BlakeRead MoreThe Tyger By William Blake1168 Words   |  5 Pagesevil has caused many people throughout time to question their God and the way the world is. William Blake’s compilation of poems called the Songs of Innocence and Experience questions the good and evil in the daily lives of human beings. This collection of poems includes The Tyger, a partnered poem in the series with The Lamb. Blake offers a new way of interpreting God through His creations in The Tyger. Blake demonstrates the fierceness of the tyger’s creator throughout the poem. The tyger is viewedRead MoreEssay on William Blake1879 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Blake William Blake is one of England’s most famous literary figures. He is remembered and admired for his skill as a painter, engraver, and poet. He was born on Nov. 28, 1757 to a poor Hosier’s family living in or around London. Being of a poor family, Blake received little in the way of comfort or education while growing up. Amazingly, he did not attend school for very long and dropped out shortly after learning to read and write so that he could work in his father’s shop. The lifeRead MoreWilliam Blake Poet535 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Blake is one of the most renowned poets in the history of English literature. Born to the owners of a hosiery shop on Broad Street in the center of London in 1757, William Blake developed into a toddler of extraordinary imagination. While only a young boy (around the age of four), he spoke to his parents of seeing angels playing amongst him, encountering visions of heaven and hell throughout London and the nearby countryside, and spotting God keeping a close eye on him during tasks and choresRead MoreWilliam Blake For this paper I choose to do a study of William Blake. I choose William Blake800 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Blake For this paper I choose to do a study of William Blake. I choose William Blake because I really liked some of his poems and he is considered one of the most renowned poets in English literature history. He liked to write poems that could be understood by the everyday man, because most of his poem were about the everyday man, but he refused to sacrifice his visions in order to become popular. His work combines a variety of writing styles, he is an artist, a lyric poet and a visionaryRead More William Blake Essay3149 Words   |  13 PagesWilliam Blake The poet, painter and engraver, William Blake was born in 1757, to a London haberdasher. Blake’s only formal education was in art. At the age of ten, he entered a drawing school and then at the age of fourteen, he apprenticed to an engraver. ( Abrams Stillinger 18). Although, much of Blake’s time was spent studying art, he enjoyed reading and soon began to write poetry. Blake’s first book of poems, Poetical Sketches, showed his dissatisfaction with the reigning poetic traditionRead MoreThe Poetry of William Blake1806 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will aim to show the relationship between Innocence and Experience in William Blakes Songs. Both Songs of Experience and Songs of Innocence serve as a mirror Blake held up to society, the Songs of Experience being the darker side of the mirror. Blakes Songs show two imaginative realms: The two sides to the human soul that are the states of Innocence and Experience. The two states serve as different ways of seeing. The world of innocence as Northrop Frye saw it encapsulated theRead MoreWilliam Poetry Of William Blake And William Wordsworth1980 Words   |  8 Pagesthe person. To some the definition is a time without any worry, to others, it is a more logical definition such as the period between infancy and adolescence. There are many versions of this definition, and this is seen in the poetry of William Blake and William Wordsworth. These two authors have different views on what it means to be a child and how they are portrayed in this era. Compared to now, Children in Blake’s eyes are seen as people that need guidance and need to be taught certain lessonsRead MoreThe Lamb by William Blake Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry Essay COURSE # and TITLE: ENGL 102-D42 LUO: Composition and Literature SEMESTER OF ENROLLMENT: Fall D 3013 Thesis Statement: The Lamb written by William Blake is a beautiful spiritually enriched poem that expresses God’s sovereignity, His love for creation and His gentleness in care and provisions for those that are His . I. Introduction †¢ Author †¢ Little Lamb II. Question of creation †¢ Little Lamb who made you. 1. Provision of Needs Read MoreWilliam Blake s The Tiger Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Blake was born in London in 1757 to James and Catherine Blake; an artisan and a craftsmen by trade, the parents taught young Blake to appreciate the finer and refined aspects of life—such a music, art (especially engravements and paintings), and the written word. Blake’s early life was filled with religious adventures; due to, the many apprenticeships he underwent through churches, where he learned the art of engraving and illustration. In 1783, Blake published his first collection of works;

Travelling Experience Free Essays

Can you remember your best experince in another country? Last summer (in 2007), I traveled to the United States for working and spending some time with my friends. I stayed two months in that country. I decided to travel because I wanted to do something different. We will write a custom essay sample on Travelling Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was bored about all my daily activities, so I decided to take the risk. I traveled alone for getting a job in the same company than a friend of mine. Traveling to the United States was one of the best experiences that I ever had. When I arrived to the United States, a friend of mine went to pick me up. So, I went to his house for leaving my luggage, and for taking a shower. After that, we went to a restaurant and we spent a nice time talking about our lives. At night, we went to a nice night club. I had a very nice day, but I was tired, so we decided to comeback to the house. In the following days, I got a job. I was working for Mc Donald’s in the mornings, from 8 am to 3 pm. I really enjoyed my job because I met many people from USA and another countries. Sometimes I worked in the Drive-thru window, other times in the kitchen, and also in the front of the store. I had a good schedule because I was busy only in the mornings, so I had much free time in the afternoons. On my free time, I did my daily activities like cleaning the house, washing my clouths and so on. After finishing our activities, we used to have parties in the house. Sometimes we used to go out to different restaurants, and some weekends we traveled to another state named Loussiana. There we had a good time at the Casino, and some other times at a night club too. So, in conclusion, I think it was a nice trip, because I met new people from many places. Besides, I did everything that I wanted, because I had to take my own desicions. How to cite Travelling Experience, Papers

Tradition and modernity, society free essay sample

Various journals have pointed out different scenarios regarding the conflict of traditions and the advent of modernity in certain societies. One in particular by Freund and Band- Winterstein (2012) explored how a Jewish society in Israel belonging in an ultra- orthodox society adapt and modify their behaviour toward social work which is cultural, western and secular in form. People belonging to the ultra- orthodox society have strong sense of faith and religious practice. They prefer to avoid contact with those persons belonging in the secular society. (Coleman- Brueckheimer, Spitzer Koffman, 2009). When faced with the idea of social work, a feeling of ambivalence usually takes place. They would accept services because of necessity yet, a feeling of suspicion and hostility takes place as well. (Popovsky 2010). Unfamiliarity with other cultures makes one prejudice about it, often causing stress and conflict. It is important, therefore, to create a circumstance wherein the religious belief is able to coexist with the necessary procedure. Based on the results of the study, there is a diversity of groups that are differentiated from each other based on their level of openness to society, closeness to tradition, ideology, modernization and openness to larger economy. The diversity leads to different views toward the function of social work in their community. A lack of professional resources in their community however, compels them to have constant interaction with the secular environment (Bilu and Witztum, 1993). Extensive changes have been occurring in the society with regards to the surrounding environment. The large openness shown by different areas in the ultra-orthodox society towards secular society worker is only a small part of a large scale process continuously developing. The similarity of this study to past journals is its focus on how one will adapt when faced with two conflicting trends in society. It seeks to discover the factors that will affect the behaviour towards self. It explains the conditions that predispose a person to react as such toward modernization. The difference of this study from previous studies is the specific focus on the contrast between tradition and modernity. It’s not just simply one culture converging with another particular culture, rather a generalized past traditions or customs going up and adapting to current trends in general such as technological advancement as alternative for traditional events. Another study by Talbani and Hasanali (2000) examined the social and cultural experiences of adolescent females from south Asia who immigrated to Canada. The major problem encountered by the South Asian adolescent females was their control over socialization, going out, parties and dating. One common observation was how the parents would take their children to visit relatives or family friends on weekends because they do not allow their child to socialize without their supervision. Whenever there were occasions or festivities, the parents would often organize parties for their children so as to avoid the feeling of alienation. The arrangements would usually involve non- alcoholic beverage, music and dances. Parents would also maintain gender segregation wherein the boys and girls mingled with each other under certain rules. The presence of the parents usually maintained certain decorum among the youth. Most of the parents also disapproved of dating especially among their daughters. They justified that girls are much more vulnerable than boys. Parents became faced with a dilemma because female members would challenge the parental decision because of unequal treatment compared to the boys. In terms of marriage, girls were usually set up for arranged marriages. Resentment was expressed because they had absolutely no say in it, or they got married to a person they do not know. Various ways of expressing the Adolescent females’ disapproval of traditional control were used to express their discontent. The restrictions imposed by their parents resulted to discontent and unhappiness and would eventually come to a point where there will be rebellion amongst there. Parents as well as youth have to adapt to society. The similarity of this journal to the study lies with the different issues about adapting to certain norms of a society that is in complete conflict with the traditions inculcated within their system. Various reactions toward resisting change have manifested different coping mechanism. The differences lie with the struggle between tradition and instead of modernity, foreign customs since the subjects involved are immigrants. B. LOCAL LITERATURE A study entitled Hidden in a Coke Bottle:Modernity,Gender and the Informal Storing of Money in Philippine Indigenous Communities by Arnado (2012) revolved around the relationship between modernity and gender in a traditional society. One part of the study with the heading â€Å"The indigenous population betwixt and between tradition and modernity† stated that there is a conflict between survival and the preservation of tradition. There is an incomplete inculcation of modernity among indigents due to limitations in their resources and resistance to change. Indigenous people in the Philippines are progressively adapting into the mainstream through education, intensive agriculture, and communication technology all while still pursuing their ethnic customs and tradition. According to Portus (2007) mobile phones have been adopted by various indigent groups and have become part of their everyday life. Their accessibility to the internet has also gradually increased. One group in particular from Northern Luzon, called the Igorots, have used the internet to blog about their traditional identities. (Longboan 2009). SOCIETY Cocca et. Al. (2014) analysed the relationship of predominant religious culture of a nation to their innovative performance. Certain factors such as predominance in religion or fractionalization have the ability to shape the cultural traits, education, democratization, and institutions of countries. There is a direct relationship between religious diversity and technological innovation which is a main determinant in economic growth. Based on the data, countries with higher religious plurality have higher innovations by a million compared to countries with lower religious plurality. This can be a main driver of technological output in association with GDP per capita. There are however, omitted factors which also influence the shaping of a country’s socio- economic structure and technological factors. The factors included are: effective economic governance, diversity of cultures, geo economic location of countries, available natural resources and efficient energy system, colonial origins of countries, demographic change and population, institutions, effective national system of innovation and fruitful university, industry and government linkages, higher investment, and industrial structure of countries. ( Acemoglu , Johnson, Robinson. 2008) Christian religions have positive relationship with the shaping of people’s attitude towards a conducive economic growth (Guiso, Sapienza, Zingales. 2006) Protestantism has a positive correlation with growth and development. An argument proposed by Deneulin and Rakodi (2011) states that religion is an essential force in influencing the values of people. Things considered important by religion have an effect on what people consider as important. Other sectors of a government (eg. Economic . social, political, cultural and scientific) rely on religion as an important source to consider before deciding to take an action. Religion has set formal and informal standards to motives set by the people. On another outlook, it influences the society’s culture and stimulates the people’s attitude of mind that develops the social capital in the population. A large influence directs the government with its priorities which may vary from human life, culture, education, institutions, socioeconomic activities and the likes. Alesina, Devleeshauwer, Easterly, Kurlat, and Wacziang . (2003) There is however a downside to cultural diversity according to Linstone (2010). With too much diversity, it is much harder to come up with agreements due to communication constraints. It is therefore, necessary to maintain a good balance between the numbers of divergent culture so as to still meet the benefit of technological innovations for the establishment of a good society. The past studies have large similarities with this study. Primarily is the mentioned necessity of the enumerated factors for socio- cultural advancement. These will be important in determining the effects of such factors in the context of establishing a new society. The second similarity involves the relationship of the presence of diverse cultures in the advancement of innovations which is necessary for societal advancement. This can be attributed how small groups eventually merge to form a society. A need to control the number of divergent is also a fact necessary to maintain just the right amount in decision making in order to arrive in a mutual agreement. Another similarity involves the influence of one factor in shaping the decision of a society. Usually this factor(eg. Religion) is considered extremely important and treated as something that should be considered with every decision made by the society. There are glaring differences between the past studies and this particular study. Instead of focusing on the technological innovations primarily, this study will be focusing on the establishment of society per se not on innovations alone. it is only one of the many indicator of socioeconomical growth, therefore other factors should be as equally involved.

Gloss free essay sample

: # 8220 ; The Road Not Taken # 8221 ; Essay, Research Paper Brought to a deadlock at the presence of a intersection, the talker of Robert Frost # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; The Road Not Taken # 8221 ; is left to contemplate which way to travel. After careful review of both paths, the talker comes to the decision that neither way presents a more appealing enterprise in front. Of the two agencies of travel, the talker asserts that # 8220 ; the passing there/Had worn them truly about the same # 8221 ; ( lines 9-10 ) and # 8220 ; both that forenoon every bit lay/ In leaves no measure had trodden black # 8221 ; ( lines11-12 ) . Missing an expressed solution to the quandary, the talker is left to contemplate any hereafter effects based on an at hand determination of taking one route over the other. As a consequence, the talker comes to footings that his concluding finish is bound entirely by opportunity and pick, but he anticipates an at hand feeling of sorrow for non going the other path # 8217 ; s class. We will write a custom essay sample on Gloss or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Infused with the expectancy of compunction, Frost # 8217 ; s work portrays the cosmopolitan question saying a different possible result if another path was taken of equal uncertainness. Even the rubric suggests this feeling of uncertainty, where the route non taken is mentioned with greater case in point than the existent class of travel. Missing the opportunity to â€Å"travel both/ And be one traveler† ( lines 2-3 ) , one way must work as the chosen manner and the other the other manner, both with no indicant of which is the better to go. Therefore, one time the chosen manner is traveled, the other manner holds a persistent reminder of what may hold been lost purely by opportunity. After a foreseeable self-evaluation of the speaker’s life, seeking to find if he took advantage of all available chances is perceived as a daunting challenge for there will ever be an ambiguity lingering around the other way. However, the talker anxiously comes to footings with world, finally finding the futility of contending on affairs of the imaginativeness. Therefore, â€Å"with a sigh† ( line 16 ) , the talker proclaims that he took advantage of the chances to the best of his ability as they were presented to him, despite those of opportunity. In consequence, taking the chosen way has â€Å"made all the differen ce† ( line 20 ) . That peculiar determination determined the speaker’s overall class in life to the consequence that the other path could hold directed the talker to walk in the complete opposite way of his concluding finish. Bibliography The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost

How Customer Relationship Management Affects an Organization

How Customer Relationship Management Affects an Organization Abstract It is extremely important for any organization to treat their consumers well and satisfactorily since it is them who decide whether the business will succeed or fail (Windham, 2001, p.14). Consumers are complicated individuals and are all led by a different set of motives that later define a pattern of their consumer behavior.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Customer Relationship Management Affects an Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Commercial Organizations are usually driven by the need to succeed, survive and gain market share in the market and as a result develop appropriate strategies that can assist them to gain dominance within the market. Customer relationship management is a strategy is used by commercial enterprises to manage the interactions between a corporate entity and its customers (Solomon Askegaard 2002, p.56-58). Market evidence suggests that the most successful o rganizations in the world usually apply more effort towards ensuring that customers are satisfied, by continuously collecting and storing relevant data that can be later analyzed to ensure that all relevant consumer behavior patterns can be identified and used to the benefit of both the organization and customers ( Payne Peck 2003, p.90-93). It is therefore accurate to imply that the benefits that arise out of CRM activities outweigh and burdens and this is why organizations like Apple, IBM, HP, Google and Nike can boast of having very successful business models as compared to other businesses who find themselves performing poorer. It hence becomes the duty of business executives that they put in place a mechanism that can be used to manage the interaction of the organization and its customers (Baker 2003, p.165-167). Purpose Customer relationship management is an integral part of today’s business. The nature of relationships and company’s interactions are vital to bo th the long-term and short-term survival (Paul, 2006, p.154-157).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Today’s business environment dictates that it is mandatory that organizations take care of their consumers or else they will go looking for business somewhere where they do feel appreciated. The customer is the pivot and center of all activities of a marketing company and thus has a lot of bargaining power because it is their behavior that most of the time defines how successful an organization will become ( Bennet, 2006, p.67-68). Marketers need to acknowledge the importance of keeping close relationships using strategic techniques and approaches to ensure that commercial organization regularly interact and respond to the queries of their customers. The purpose of this paper is to shed light to those individuals who operate commercial organizations/bus iness enterprises and how Customer Relationship Management affects on the organization. The question is, does it make a difference if an organization dedicates the necessary resources and even sets up departments that are dedicated towards maintaining the relationship of the organization and its clientele? Why do some organizations dedicate millions of dollars which could otherwise been paid as dividends back to the shareholders just to ensure that the organization sets up a proper interface which will make sure that the needs, desires, wants, expectations and queries of consumers are well catered for. Methodology Gathering data is a very important part of any research; this research being a scientific research that has a well defined problem, it is vital that the data gathered is highly accurate and lacks bias. The research will thus be conducted by using secondary data from well known trusted publishers and websites.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Customer Relationship Management Affects an Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research above is an exploratory type of research whereby the researcher conducts research with the aim of shedding light on a problem/issue which has not yet been well defined. When a researcher embarks on this type of research, the researcher can therefore make accurate and more justified conclusions (Hoffman Novak, 2000, p. 77-79). This type of research is well known to use secondary sources of data and qualitative approaches to describe data. The advantage of using qualitative analysis techniques is that the data can give an indication as to why, how and when certain phenomenon occurs. Findings The world’s top organizations, especially companies listed on the fortune 500, have revealed that the secret to their success is in treating their entire consumers with the best experience. Top managers, boards and business executives have realized that the worlds most respected companies like Google, Nike, Apple Inc., Toyota, Dell, HP, Yahoo and Microsoft have put in place the necessary mechanisms to maintain relationships between their organization and consumers ( Parker, 2000, p.199-201). The Role of CRM cannot be ignored by any business either a small business or a big business, this is because the need to manage relationships between the organization and the consumers is very important. According to the Gartner group (2009), the practice of CRM is rapidly growing throughout the global business community since business managers have discovered that the key to business success is by understanding the behavior patterns of existing and prospective customers and using it to the advantage of the organization. Many organizations have realized that companies which are recognized as industry leaders are doing something different that keeps bringing their consumers back (MacHulbert Piercy, 2003, 212-215).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, other companies have decided to study and replicate strategies of market leaders as far as CRM is concerned with the aim of understanding their customers better in order to maximize on business opportunities. Many upcoming companies have thought that it will be easy for them to snatch consumers from market leaders but their efforts have ended up being futile because established companies have discovered that for them to maintain their business models and continue growing even when they are at a stagnant place in the product life cycle, it is important for the company to take good care of its existing customers and encourage repeated purchase. Companies like PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers), KPMG and Deloite are famous companies which are known to consult for the largest world corporations, their services have assisted many companies develop the best CRM departments. A good example is IBM’s superior Customer relationship management process is what it is because the c ompanies worked together with PwC to ensure that their CRM needs were properly addressed when the department was being set up. Companies which have embraced CRM practices are more likely to understand their consumers. Many organizations like Apple have acquired the appropriate software from vendors that allows them to gather data from their consumers and store them for analysis (Trott 2008, p.160-162). As a result the company has created a large data mine which the company can withdraw useful data that assist the company in improving the customer experience. Consumer behavior theorists have always insisted that it is important for marketers to understand the tastes, preferences, perception and attitudes of your target market. This is thus why a company like Apple Inc. is able to narrow down on numerous volumes of data and make useful information that gives them a more precise picture of what their consumers ideally want. The same cannot be said for companies who pay little attention to customers relationship management practices simply because decision making in this companies is more of gambling/trial and error making it quite hard for the company to narrow down consumer behavior variables and parameters with much more accuracy ( Hoffman Novak 2000 p. 179-183). Once a company fails to accurately define and understand the needs and desires of consumers it becomes more difficult to operate at a competitive advantage. A commercial company’s desire is to enjoy a large market share. An organization with large market share is more likely to end up as industry leader. Customer relationship management helps companies be able to retain and also attract new customers. The process of attracting new customers is not cheap because it involves spending a lot of money in promotion activities which basically reducing the profit margins of a company. Promotion activities such as advertisements are very expensive especially when they run on popular media such as the TV and radio, business executives thus try to minimize the number of consumer defection and increase the number of consumer retentions in order have a large market share (MacHulbert Piercy 2003, p. 54). Apple inc. for example has used CRM practices to retain a high number of consumers and attract new ones by offering complete solutions for their customers, opening dedicated stores that sell only apple products, ensuring that education sales activities assist customers to gain technical and operation knowledge on the products that they sell, the company also understands the need to be technologically alert and thus it is aggressive as far as innovation is concerned. The availability of technical expertise to repair or answer any technical questions from consumers is also part of Apples superior CRM strategy that has enabled the company over the years to win customers who were earlier loyal to other brands ( Hoffman Novak, 2000, p.99-101). In contrast there is a clear difference when smaller companies are put to task on their CRM strategy this is why Apple has been able too gain massive market share by appealing to many consumers to purchase the iPhone as soon as it was developed. Apple also went a step further to surpass expectation of consumers by manufacturing far much superior models of the iPhone to succeed each preceding model and this is the reason that consumers line up for hours sometimes even overnight to acquire new models of the iPhone as soon as they are launched thus this is therefore why other companies which are known to have good smartphones such as Asus and HTC and Toshiba have not been able to match up with Apple’s iPhone. CRM activities usually enable a company achieve a high level of quality and efficiency during it’s operation. Companies which have understood the needs and desires together with expectations of their target market are able to plan in advance the service delivery process and therefore surpass the expectations of their consumers. Consumers always want the best and therefore usually expect to get value that is either directly related to the value of their money or even expect that the quality surpasses the price which they paid for the good (Kitchen, 2003, p.23). If a company markets its products as the best then the consumer approaches the company knowing in mind that the service provider or the product provider will deliver. Consumer relation management software act as a platform under which the company can obtain relevant information which will assist the company to accurately predict the expectation of their customers and as a result put in place mechanisms that will enable their staff cater to the expectations of the consumers with more certainty. (Gartner 2008 123) Without a good CRM program or department, it then becomes more difficult for business executives and especially customer care representatives to maintain a consistent level of quality and efficiency while serving consumers ( Gummesson, 2002, p. 201-203). A company like HP has put in place a good CRM strategy that enables the company accurately offer technical support that matches the specifications of each consumer. The company uses a heterogeneous approach while dealing with their consumers and therefore there are no assumptions that are made especially when dealing with I.T needs of their cherished customers. The advantage of using such an approach has also enabled cultivate some loyalty especially among their consumers due to high levels of satisfaction that arises out of the high quality of service delivery that the company has put in place as a result of a superior CRM strategy (Kitchen, 2003, p.133-142). A good Customer Relationship Management strategy is highly advantageous to an organization because it is most likely to increase the levels of profitability and reduce unnecessary costs. A healthy customer base is necessary for excellent commercial performance and CRM usually plays a big role in b oth financial and non financial performance. Contrary to common belief whereby businessmen believe that by spending more on satisfying customers a business looses money, CRM activities can be costly on the short run but the cumulative advantage and benefits experienced in the long run are quite advantageous according to Gartner, Inc (2008) businesses that operate using a vigorous CRM strategy are more likely to save on costs and increase their profits over the years. Companies which do not prioritize their CRM activities are more likely to spend more money to please and attract customers using other avenues that may end up being futile. (Jones 2010 124) Organizations with CRM programs are most likely to have good reputation and public image. Happy consumers talk and therefore spread positive information about the organization and this is therefore good for business. When consumers spread positive information about an organization to their friends, then their friends are more likely to trust them and elicit positive behavior towards the company by purchasing products from the company. Especially with the emergence of viral marketing and numerous social sites, commercial enterprises are more likely to take their CRM activities to another whole new level. Nike is the leading athletic shoe manufacturing company, the company decided to open its own social site Joga.com so that the process of gathering information and interacting with consumers can become easier (Maselli, 2001). The website has assisted the largest athletic shoe manufacturer to continue manufacturing innovative shoe brands for the sporting elite community. The site has contributed a lot to Nike’s overall CRM strategy and activities and continued to improve the image of Nike as a company which cares for its consumers. Conversely other companies within the Athletic shoe industry do not exhibit the same and therefore this has affected the way their performance and image as brands in that market. (Hyatt 2010 63) Research Limitation Many commercial organizations are quite secretive and protect data that is associated with CRM activities and release more generalized information making it quite hard to understand the nature of systems and specified activities that commercial enterprises in the process of managing interaction between the organization and its consumers. This move has been put in place in order to protect the various strategies that companies put in place so that competitors cannot replicate them and use them. The timeframe of carrying out the research was quite short considering that CRM is a very large topic that can be investigated even for months. This fact therefore reduced the quality of research because carrying out particular individualized case studies can take up to months. Nevertheless the researcher used the time allocated to him/her to ensure that all the relevant secondary data was used to bring about relevant conclusive findings on this topic. (Her sey, Blanchard Johnson, 2007 45) The availability of resources such as money also was one of the limitations of this research. A good research can be successfully carried out by a researcher in order to get access to the necessary tools and information that is required to the process of carrying out research. With limited funds the researcher was unable to access premium websites that charge researchers in order to access them. (Hogan Kaiser, 2005 78) Practical implications The findings of this research will therefore be very important to the entire global business community, this includes both multinational companies and local companies or even small scale businesses (Newell, 2003, p.43; Molineux, 2001, p.12-14). Since it is clear that CRM practices clearly affect the profitability, costs, customer loyalty, switching rates, delivery of quality and efficiency, it thus becomes necessary that business executives and entrepreneurs formulate, implement and continuously evaluate CRM str ategies that will ensure that their organizations are able to accurately identify and narrow down on the needs, wants, desires, motives, tastes and preferences, attitudes and perceptions of the customers who interact with the business (Frazer, 2003, p.87-91). When businessmen succeed in understanding their consumers, they will be more likely to ensure that their products are customized so that they are able to meet the expectations of their customers. Since it is clear that organizational success also largely depend on how good their CRM function is integrated in day to day business, it is important that managers acknowledge the fact that CRM plays a big role in deciding the competitive advantage that an organization has in an industry when it is compared with its competitors (Egan, 2004,p.111-114). With this in mind managers should accept the fact that they are preparing for failure if their organizations decide not to integrate Customer Relationship Management into their business models. (Blyth, 2009 45) Social implications It is the duty of a business to ensure that it has a positive social impact on the various environments that the business operate in (East 1997, p. 19-21). If CRM practices are picked up by every organization within the environment, it will ensure that most consumers within this area will be happy due to the high level of satisfaction that they usually experience as a result of good business. A satisfied consumer is a happy consumer;. The happy customers translate to a happier community and a happier society (O’Malley Tynan, 2001, p.17-23) Originality This research is original and unique in the sense that it has taken a more social and one on one approach by looking at various industry practices of the world’s most respected companies to bring an insight into the importance of CRM in today’s business environment. Conclusion From the study, Customer Relationship Management activities do affect the performance of organ izations either positively and negatively. Organizations which take CRM activities more seriously are able to enjoy better financial and non-financial performance as compared to those organizations which ignore the importance of CRM in their business operations. With such facts in mind, business managers are required to be more aggressive and dedicate a lot of time towards ensuring that their organizations plan carefully and integrate CRM activities with the activities of other departments to ensure that the concerns of both the organization and consumer are taken care of. References Baker, S., 2003. New Consumer Marketing.New Jersey: Wiley and sons. Bennet, P., 2006. Marketing Management and Strategy, 4th edn. New York, NY: Prentice Hall. Blyth, M., 2009. Business Continuity Management: Building an Effective Incident Management Plan. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. East, R., (1997). Consumer Behavior: Advances Applications in Marketing FT New: York: Prentice Hall. Egan, J. (2004) . Relationship Marketing: Exploring Relational Strategies in Marketing. 2nd ed. New York: Prentice Hall. Frazer, R, J., 2003. It’s All About Customers. New York: Kogan Page. Gartner, Inc. 2008.Gartner Says Worldwide Customer Relationship Management Market Grew 23 Percent in 2007†. Gartner Inc. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/en Gartner, Inc. 2009. Gartner Says Worldwide CRM Market Grew 12.5 Percent in 2008. Gartner Inc. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/en Gummesson, E., (2002). Total Relationship Marketing. 2nd edition. New York: Butterworth- Heinemann. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K. H. and Johnson, D. E., 2007. Management of Organizational Behavior: Leading Human Resources. New York, NY: Prentice Hall. Hoffman, D., Novak, T., (2000). â€Å"How to Acquire Customers on the Web.† Harvard Business Review, 179-188. Hoffman, D. Novak, T., (2000). Relationship Marketing. Bunbury Road: Butterworth-Heinemann. Hogan, R., and Kaiser, R. B., 2005. â€Å"What we k now about leadership.† Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 169-180. Hyatt, K., 2010. â€Å"The influence of the leadership practice â€Å"challenging the process† on perceived organizational support.† Proceedings of ASBBS 17(1), 351-361. Jones, G., 2010. Organizational theory, design, and change. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Kitchen, P., (2003).The Future of Marketing: Critical 21st-Century Perspectives New York: Palgrave. MacHulbert, C. Piercy, H., (2003) Total Integrated Marketing: Breaking the Bounds of the Function. New York: Kogan Page. Maselli. J., 2001.†Lack Of Integration Hurts CRM Efforts: The PwC survey also finds that businesses still dont understand whats important to consumers when interacting with a business.† Information Week. Retrieved Retrieved from https://www.informationweek.com/Default.asp Molineux, P., 2001. Exploiting CRM: Connecting with Customers London. New York: Hodder and Stoughton Educational. Newell, F., 2003. W hy CRM Doesn’t Work: How to Win by Letting Customers Manage the Relationship. New York: Kogan Page. O’Malley, L., Tynan, C., 2001. â€Å"Reframing Relationship Marketing for Consumer Markets.† Interactive Marketing 2(3), 240-246. Parker, R., 2000. Relationship Marketing on the Web. London: Adams Streetwise Publications. Paul, G., 2006. CRM at the Speed of Light 4th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill. Payne, C. Peck, C., 2003. Relationship Marketing for Competitive Advantage Burnbury Road: Butterworth-Heinemann. Solomon, B., Askegaard, L., 2002. Consumer Behavior: A European Perspective FT. New York: Prentice Hall. Trott. P., 2008. Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th edn. London: Pearson. Windham, L. 2001. The Soul of the New Consumer. The Attitudes, Behaviours and references of e-Customers. New York: Allworth Press.

Principles of Organization and Management Essay - 1

Principles of Organization and Management - Essay Example Two major sub-groups of the classical theory are scientific management by Taylor and bureaucracy by Weber. Taylor’s (F.W.Taylor) scientific management theory thoroughly evaluated the attitude of the employees from the starting of operations, the introduction of action decomposition, and the core concept of division of labor, job standardization, and strict management control. In the  "factory management†, he summed up the four principles to improve work efficiency: 1. Everyone should have clear working days; 2. To complete the work required to provide a standardized work environment, equipment and tools; 3. Where a person has a high score should give a higher remuneration; 4. Where the loser will lose pay and job status. According to Frederick Winslow Taylor who is regarded as the Father of Scientific Management, the management of the firm should organize the work in a manner which will make optimum use of the workers, by dividing the work and introducing efficient met hods for making a product. Taylor’s concept focused mainly on hierarchic organization structures and task specialization. Taylorism states that there is a best way for each task and it can be learnt through proper training and development. In the domain of "Principles of Scientific Management,"  Taylor further proposed the following principles: 1. The study of each unit of work a worker should be treated with the scientific method; 2. Workers should use scientific methods in the selection, training and education; 3. Should be sincere cooperation between workers to ensure that all work can be handled in accordance with scientific principles to; 4. Between managers and workers, to implement the division responsible for the manager's job at not to workers. Taylor advocated piecework system, requiring workers to work within a fixed unit of time to complete, according to the low-paid piecework, and the excess workload, follow-paid piece work.  Taylor believes there is a differ ence this reward system can maximize their people's enthusiasm for work.  In order to ensure the implementation of this scientific management, Taylor considers it necessary to strengthen the management and control of operations.  Undoubtedly, Taylorism pursuit of efficiency, operating decomposition, standardized management, performance rewards and other measures are designed to increase output efficiency.  Together these management tools are the "pipeline operations," which provides a way for large-scale scientific management standardized production.  Taylor's scientific management ideas were accepted and the use of public management, because it is the bureaucracy of philosophy coincide.  Division, classification, standardization, processes, performance pay, strict management control, but also the value of the traditional concept of public administration pursued.  Scientific management has played a dominant role in public administration for the period 1910 to 1940, so th at the field of public administration to become an academic study.  So, people use "Taylorism" to describe the impact of scientific management generated. Moreover, this effect has been extended to today's very popular new public management, as Taylor emphasized incentives or performance-based pay and other management tools, now turned into a broader connotation of performance management (Smith & et.al,

Head Start Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Head Start - Essay Example This then would create a Head Start pilot program for eight states, allowing them to design their own early childhood programs, funded with federal Head Start grants. The state programs would have to "meet or exceed" national quality standards, but would not have to follow the detailed federal regulations that apply to local Head Start centers. Democrats called the pilot program nothing more than a block grant, and said it signaled the eventual end of Head Start (http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/congress/july-dec03/headstart_07-25.html, 2003). This debate has reached even the most ordinary citizen of most states. There is an ongoing argument whether this Head Start program is really beneficial to underprivileged children. Moreover, there are now series of arguments whether Head Start program of benefiting the younger children should be continually implemented. Head Start program was specifically established to provide assistance and financial aid to low-income families with infants and toddlers and pregnant women which is called Early Head Start. The Early Head Start program address needs such as physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development requirements; knowledge of parents to be better caregivers and teachers to their children; and need for economic independence. More specifically, this program aims to (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/hsb/programs/ehs/ehs.htm, 2002). Ensure quality by meeting the requirements in the Head Start Program Performance Standards and other applicable regulations; Provide early, individualized child development and parent education services to low-income infants and toddlers and their families according to a plan developed jointly by the parents and staff; Provide services through an appropriate mix of home visits, experiences at the Early Head Start center, and experiences in other settings such as family or center-based child care; Provide early opportunities for infants and toddlers with and without disabilities to grow and develop together in nurturing and inclusive settings; Ensure that the Early Head Start program is supportive and nurturing of families; Respond to the needs of families, including, where appropriate, the need for full-time child care for working families; Connect with other service providers at the local level to ensure that a comprehensive array of health, nutrition, and other services is provided to the program's pregnant women, very young children, and their families; Recruit, train, and supervise high quality staff to ensure the kind of warm and continuous relationships between caregivers and children that are crucial to learning and development for infants and toddlers; Ensure parent involvement in policy and decision making; and Coordinate with local Head Start and other child development programs in order to ensure continuity of services for these children and families. Why do we have to Continue Supporting Head Start Program Based on reports, Head Start has been a tremendous success. From the young children that have been subjected to the program, their level of I.Q. considerably developed, their reading, writing and math skills also improved. Moreover, the

Treatment Intervention for Paranoid Schizophrenia Case Study

Treatment Intervention for Paranoid Schizophrenia Case Study Jack Dwight (not his real name), aged 26 was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia in October 2004. In August 2004 Jack’s best friend was killed by a group of youths who were terrorising their neighbourhood. Before the diagnosis Jack’s family was concerned about his constant complaints of headache and tummy ache. He suffered from a severe lack of appetite. He lost a lot of weight in a short time – from 120 to 108 kg in just two months. Jack no longer paid attention to his personal hygiene – his body odour was unbearable. Around September 2004 Jack developed an uncontrollable fear that he was going to be run over by a vehicle. He would not be persuaded to venture into the street, even going to his favourite store to get cigarettes for himself. He became extremely anti-social, keeping to himself in his locked bedroom most of the time. His family could not cope with his anger outbursts, which sometimes became violent. Thus it was that in October Jack was diag nosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Jack’s behaviour proved that Pinker (1997) is right when he states that sometimes, when thrust into a new and highly stressful situation, people suffer acute paranoia. For six weeks Jack was admitted to a psychiatric hospital where a team of specialists worked with him. It was on the 14th December 2004 that Jack was sent back home, and I became a part of his home staff of care providers. The medical staff prescribed pain killers – Paracetamol or Codeine for his headache, and antacids like Gaviscon for the tummy. It was agreed that care givers should try to redirect him whenever possible when he complained about head or tummy aches. It was suggested that since Jack enjoyed tea, he should first be offered calming tea when he complained of pain. He was also given Multi vitamins and Risperdal to take in the morning and evening. Jack is now happy to ask for a cup of Camomile tea whenever he has a headache. He understands that if his headache persists, he is allowed to take pain killers. He enjoys receiving positive feedback when he does not ask for painkillers all the time. He has even suggested that I serve him a cup of Camomile tea once every h our because he has realized that this controls his headaches. He has not made this request to my colleague who takes care of him when I am off duty. Instead, he gets the usual headache during this care giver’s shift. At this point one wonders whether this is similar to what Sorensen, Paul, and Mariotto (1988) refer to when they say â€Å"in some cases the paranoia diminishes for psychological reasons rather than because of the drug’s action.† I argue this because Jack’s headaches seem to surface when he is taken care of by some, and not other care givers. To this effect Smith (2003) is of the opinion that the outcome of therapy â€Å"may be determined by the ‘chemistry’ or fit between the therapist and the client than the specific modality being employed.† (p.61) In order to improve his appetite, Jack’s nutritionist suggested that Jack should be involved in the planning of a healthy menu. His opinion was to be sought and he was encouraged to plan his meals, choosing from a wide range of foods in the refrigerator. Care givers were advised to invite him to participate in the cooking and preparation of his meals, if he so wished. That plan worked very well because he felt a sense of ownership and was very proud to be serving his care givers the food that he himself has prepared. He started to enjoy meals that he had planned himself. This also made him to take an interest in reading the labels on all food packages, and he was proud to tell staff about the nutritional value of foodstuffs. The advantages of Jack’s involvement in the kitchen were enormous. Apart from improving his appetite, Jack also took an interest in going grocery shopping – something he had previously refused to do. He realized that he had to bathe and dress in clean clothes before going shopping. So his state of personal hygiene improved. He enjoyed watching his reflection in the mirror before going out. We now turn the trips to the grocery store into special excursions. I have noticed that even his need for a cup of Camomile tea disappears when we prepare to go shopping. It is not uncommon for him to compile the shopping list before going out. Jack recently invited his case manager to join us for shopping because he wanted to show her how well he was managing the shopping exercise. Before Jack’s friend was killed, they both worked as shop assistants in the local supermarket. During his illness Jack did not want to see any of his former work mates. He believed that they had plotted against his friend, and that they would do the same against him. This behaviour is in line with what Smith (2003) says, â€Å"paranoid persons have a highly developed aptitude for fabricating stories – making connections is like seeing shapes in clouds.† (p.39) In January 2005 the case manager helped Jack to sign up for membership at the local Clubhouse where care providers accompany him to attend meetings at least three times a week. Jack has met and talked to other individuals who have had a similar illness to his. The counselling they receive at the Clubhouse has helped Jack to want to renew his membership of his former workplace’s bowling club. From March 2005 Jack has been accepting invitations from former work mates to go bowling with them. The local Clubhouse operates on a slightly psychoanalytical manner in the sense that it serves all of Smith’s (2003) purposes in one integrated package. At the Clubhouse psychological problems are addressed in a comprehensive interdisciplinary method. Clients are given vocational training so that they can attain some basic skills of concentration and reasoning that would enable them to fit in the job world again. In May 2005 Jack was invited, through the help of the case manager, by his former employer to work some shifts. At the moment his job is in the cafeteria section where he works three hours for four days in a week. He cleans tables and makes sure the dining area is generally clean. Jack seems to enjoy going to work. His job coach, a qualified rehabilitation specialist reports that Jack is an asset at work, the cafeteria manager is pleased and speaks highly of Jack. At the Clubhouse clients also receive training in handling their finances. Jack is now capable of balancing his bank balance. He draws a budget, based on what he earns from his employer and his weekly allowance. He compares prices and chooses which hairdresser, restaurant, super market, etc. to visit. Qualified physiotherapists are available to advise clients on the best ways to relax. They teach clients how to breathe, exercise muscles, or meditate when feeling anxious. The Clubhouse staff also organises evening social events during most weekends. Clients are invited to bring friends and / or family along. Jack was reluctant to attend these social events at first, but as soon as he started going out with his ex colleagues, he felt comfortable to attend the Clubhouse events as well. He has recently made friends with a few clients of his age group, and they love to dance and sing. I have lately experienced some difficulty in getting Jack to stop dancing when it is time to go home. The nutritionist has suggested that his high energy levels may be caused by some refreshments that are served during the evening of festivities. The care givers have been advised to encourage Jack to take sugar free drinks. It seems that Jack’s progress causes him to lack the insight to appreciate the full extent of his illness. Pennington et. al. (2003) state that sometimes positive symptoms of schizophrenia distort a person’s ability to perceive his or her own condition. Jack realizes that he has missed out on fun activities, so he might be trying to make up for lost time. It is therefore difficult for him to understand the need to control his excitement levels. Although a lot of progress is made in Jack’s health one cannot quantify the success. Smith (2003) contends that â€Å"in order to measure psychological change, one must possess an instrument to do the measuring. The psychological test used must be both valid and reliable. A valid test is one that is adequately underwritten by empirical evidence and able to produce consistent results.† (p.61). It is unfortunate that care providers in Jack’s case do not always compile comprehensive reports about our shifts’ proceedings. There is no standard instrument of assessment that can produce measurable results. Reports compiled at the end of a shift may be subjective. With regards to symptoms, for example one care giver might conclude that a particular action points to worse illness while another might not think so. It is also a subjective matter whether a symptom is or not present because what one might regard as a symptom, another might not. The therapeutic modality may be effective, but if it is applied inappropriately outcomes may be unreliable. It is also disheartening that the care providers do not maintain their positions for long. During the six months that I have been taking care of Jack, three care providers have left. Jack needs stability and consistency in order to regain his sense of trust and confidence in people. I have noted that he becomes very sad when a staff member leaves. He takes it very personally, becomes moody for some time and blames himself when a care provider resigns. I have also noted that not all family members take part in discussions or attend meetings organised by the medical staff to help Jack, so there is an information gap which slows down progress. One afternoon during the Easter weekend Jack went out with his older brother who lives with the family, in the same house as Jack. They left home around 7pm and did not come home until the early hours of the next morning. They had been to a pub, and Jack argued with some people there. Jack spent the rest of the weekend in a bad mood – using foul language and banging doors. Time out did not really help. Jack later confessed to me that he was disappointed with himself, for having lost his temper and nearly ‘getting himself killed’. Had Jack’s brother attended all family therapy meetings, had he taken the time to find out what needs to be considered when Jack enjoys a night out, Jack would not have had a relapse. Care givers often feel inadequate when confronted by unrea sonable family members. When one interrogates the motives behind bullying relatives or irresponsible actions like Jack brother’s, one cannot but agree with theories like Bentall’s (2003) when he asserts that there are many people who suffer from undiagnosed forms of psychoses. Who, if not a psychotic person would expose his / her paranoid brother to a pub full of night revellers? Such questions are bound to remain unanswered for some time because the approach to schizophrenia itself is in need of improvement, so that it does not just assume that there is a distinct line between what is considered mental illness and mental health. A lot of ground has been covered in the study of paranoid schizophrenia, but a lot more still has to be covered. Studies examining the diagnosis of schizophrenia are not very reliable and consistent. The fact that it was Jack who showed remorse, and not his brother after the incident at the pub proves this assertion. Assessment is also another area that needs extensive research. The anti-psychiatry movement also finds fault with the diagnostic approach to schizophrenia. Bentall (2003) explains how proponents in this field argue for their case – stating that to classify specific thoughts and behaviours as an illness allows social control of people that society finds undesirable but who have committed no crime. Jack had committed no crime, but his loss made him to behave in a manner that is not so acceptable by society. An assessment of Jack’s condition at this point in time might also pose a challenge to psychologists. One care provider who ‘gets on well’ wi th Jack might assess him as stable, yet another might not. The challenge continues. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bentall, P.P. (2003) Madness Explained: Psychosis and Human Nature. London:  Penguin. Pinker, S. (1997) How The Mind Works. London: Penguin. Smith, D.L. (2003) Psychoanalysis in Focus. London: Sage Publications. JOURNALS: Sorensen, D.J. ; Paul, G.L. ; Mariotto, M.J. (1988) Inconsistences in paranoid functioning, premorbid adjustment and chronicity: Questions of diagnostic criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol. 25 (4) pp.570-575.

Statement of Purpose for Mba

School of Environment and Natural Resources SENR BiWeek August 6, 2012 A NOTE FROM DAVID~ AN UPDATE STAFF APPRECIATION PUBLICATIONS EVENTS DIVYA GUPTA SHARES HER FIELDWORK IN INDIA ~ I returned from India this summer after spending six months collecting data for my dissertation. My dissertation is on the role of local institutions in natural resource management. For data collection I was working in the central Himalayan region where I visited several villages to interview people about forest management activities that are conducted and coordinated by the local institution in the region.This local institution is called Van Panchayat (Forest Committee), it is a traditional institution that dates back to 1931. Since it was formed before independence (India got its independence in August 1947), it is significant in terms of rights of locals’ to natural resources. I collaborated with an NGO working in the region that helped me with navigating remote villages and also with arranging accommodations in the villages. Going from one village to another was a challenge as there was lack of proper road network so driving was near to impossible, but thankfully there were paths/trails that very intricately connected all the villages.Those trails were very beautiful, they cut through dense tropical forests and since I would walk on those trails on early mornings and evenings, it also gave me a chance to spot some beautiful birds on my way. I walked 7-10 miles/day on an average to get to my destination, which was hard in the beginning, but with time my body adapted. Also, the walking helped with keeping the body warm during cold winters. Unlike the west, the east experienced one of the coldest winters last year.The houses on the hills in India don’t have central heating systems, they barely receive a continuous 24 hour supply of electricity and water, so people burn wood to keep their houses warm and drink lots of ginger tea to keep their bodies warm. To understan d the dependence of people on the forests, I did a lot of homestays – staying with local families was one of my most enriching experiences, it gave me a chance to see firsthand how closely these people’s lives were associated with forests. Also it was amazing to see how self-dependent those people were.They almost grew all their food, from grains to cereals to fruit and vegetables and even spices. Without any outside help, family members would work together to manage their fields – it was quite incredible! I became very attached to all the families I lived with, they took very good care of me and always made sure that I was comfortable. While conducting field work in India, I received funding from the Environment Change Institute (University of Oxford) to participate at a conference in London.This was a unique opportunity for me to share ideas about my research, talk about its progress, and at the same time get valuable feedback from experienced people working i n the same area. Being my first time in the UK, this was a great chance for me to also explore parts of England and Scotland too! Continued on page 2 SENR BiWeek — 2 On behalf of Ron Hendrick, I am excited to share information about a new service for a broad range of people who are professionally engaged in managing, protecting, and using our environment and natural resources, including students.The SENR will launch the Environmental Professionals Network (EPN) August 7th with two main components: multi-disciplinary interaction and networking through a community-oriented website at epn. osu. edu, and a monthly 2nd Tuesdays Breakfast Club on campus featuring great speakers on timely topics and offering additional networking opportunities. The EPN will strengthen SENR's support of people and organizations engaged in environmental management across Ohio and beyond. We recognize that even though society is information rich, quickly accessing information useful for your own needs can be quite challenging.This is often true in environmental management where so many social, economic, and technical factors crossing so many disciplines may be critical to solving a problem or creating an opportunity. The online querying capability of the EPN will facilitate quick access to information and knowledge from network colleagues who share a commitment to excellence in environmental management. It will also help work be more efficient and effective. The EPN online is free and participants can set their own level of involvement.Our speaker at the first 2nd Tuesdays Breakfast Club will be Larry Schweiger, President and CEO of the 4 million-member National Wildlife Federation, which is actively engaged in many critical environmental issues. I hope that you and others will want to be part of initiating the EPN at this exciting event Tuesday, September 11th, at the Nationwide and Ohio Farm Bureau 4-H Center – OSU’s first LEED-certified building. Go to epn. osu. edu for information/registration. Please contact me with questions or for a copy of our brochure at 614. 47. 1908 or hanselmann. [email  protected] edu. I would also appreciate you sharing information about EPN with your many colleagues. We need to cast a broad net and be inclusive. So please spread the word and forward our information; contact me for e-materials. Also, I would be happy to come out to your events to briefly share information about EPN and participation. Contact me anytime. I hope to see you for breakfast Tuesday, September 11th. Be there, and be part of starting something new, different, and important. O H – I O!A Note from David Hanselmann ~ Divya cont. Before I started my field work, I was apprehensive about going to a strange place and being able to work successfully. But I was pleasantly surprised by the kind of encouraging response I got from people. I feel thankful to have had the opportunity to live and work in India amidst the beautiful Himalayas an d it’s people – it was the most rewarding and inspiring experience. A great trip overall! Divya Gupta is a PhD candidate in the Environment and Natural Resource graduate program.Her advisor is Tom Koontz. OSU Wellness Celery — more than a crunch! Once thought of as a nutritional zero, celery is actually a great source of potassium, a nutrient that helps reduce blood pressure and regulate the balance of fluids and minerals in the body. If you thought bananas were tops for potassium, here’s a stalking surprise — four medium celery stalks deliver about the same amount of potassium as a medium banana. For a quick snack, dip celery in hummus or peanut butter for some added protein. SENR BiWeek — 3The New Undergraduate Major in Sustainability at Ohio State An Update from the Conference Chair There are 1500 to 1600 delegates from 75 countries expected to come to Columbus for EcoSummit 2012 on September 30 – October 5 to hear 10 plenary prese ntations from the world’s premier ecologists and environmental scientists and practitioners, and 600 invited presentations from around the world in 65 symposia and to participate in 21 forums and workshops on practical issues related to improving our environment.In addition, there will be another 850 general sessions and poster presentations during EcoSummit 2012. There are 6 pre-conference field trips based in Atlanta, New York, Washington DC, Miami, Chicago, and Columbus that will educate an estimated 100 international delegates about some to the large ecosystem restorations in the USA. Most delegates will take part in one of the 33 all-day mid-conference field trips that radiate throughout Ohio. This conference will focus on prescriptions for solving the world’s environmental problems far more than on descriptions.Symposia and lectures will involve ecological engineering, ecological restoration, green infrastructure, the prosperous way down, adapting to climate chan ge, earth stewardship, ecohydrology, eco-informatics, ecological modeling, sustainable agriculture, protecting biodiversity, carbon sequestration, human ecology, and enhancing ecosystem services. The plenary speakers, Pulitzer Prize winners E. O. Wilson and Jared Diamond, will give a memorial to the work of the recently deceased Nobel Prize winner Elinor Ostrom, and a summary of the global contributions of H. T. Odum in ecological economics, engineering, and modeling, and energy futures.There will also be a 50th anniversary event of Rachel Carson’s landmark book Silent Spring at this first conference to link the Ecological Society of America (ESA), The International Association for Ecology (INTECOL) and the Society for Ecological Restoration International (SER). Individuals can still register to attend at http://www. ecosummit2012. org/index. htm. Students who have a passion for sustainability can put their passion into practice by enrolling in Ohio State’s new major c alled Environment, Economy, Development and Sustainability (EEDS) (http://eeds. osu. edu/).The EEDS major is a multi-disciplinary degree program in sustainability that provides students in-depth training in the economic, business and social aspects of sustainability. This cutting-edge major provides the core knowledge and skills students need to pursue a career in sustainability in the private, public or non-profit sector. Sustainability is a rapidly growing field and knowledge of sustainability is becoming an important competency in many types of jobs. The academic rigor of this major, coupled with opportunities for hands-on learning, will give students an important advantage when it comes time to launching their careers.Students can enroll now for Fall 2012! Learn more about this pioneering major and how to enroll, sign-up for our newsletter, like us on facebook, and start following us on twitter and pinterest by visiting http://eeds. osu. edu/. Alumni Award Selection Rattan Lal w ill be honored with the OSU Alumni Association's Professional Achievement Award at a ceremony on Sept. 14th. He received his PhD in Agronomy in 1968. SENR BiWeek — 4 Staff Appreciation The 2012 Staff Appreciation Week will be held August 13-17, 2012. Activities on the Columbus campus include the Rally for Wellness, Tuesday (8/14) from 9:00 a. m. to 1:00 p. . in the RPAC. Your Plan for Health and OSU Health Plan, the Department of Recreational Sports, and USAC sponsor this event. Nearly 100 healthand wellness-related exhibitors and professionals offer biometric screenings, chair massages, osteoporosis and skin cancer screenings, and samples of delicious, healthy food. Attending the health fair earns points toward the university's YP4H Faculty and Staff Incentive Program, so be sure to attend! The Staff Arts ; Crafts Exhibit will begin Thursday (8/16) with a reception 11:30 a. m. to 1:00 p. m. at Bricker 2nd Floor area. This exhibit will be on display into October.On Friday (8/ 17) a USAC Pep Rally at the Ohio Union will be held 12:00 to 1:30 p. m. Planned by USAC's Outreach and Engagement Subcommittee and staffed by USAC members, the pep rally features Ohio State cheerleaders, members of The Ohio State University Marching Band, Brutus Buckeye, and special guests to kick off the football season. The CFAES SAC will hold the Columbus Staff Appreciation Day on Tuesday (8/14) from 11:00 a. m. to 1:00 p. m. on the Kottman Hall lawn & gazebo area. There will be free lunch, ice cream, games and door prizes. RSVP at http://go. osu. edu/K6p. Wooster Fun Fest is Aug. 7th, 11:30-3:00, where staff will enjoy free food, games, and cheer on your tug-of-war team! The OARDC and ATI Staff Council sponsor this event. The CFAES SAC is currently accepting nominations for their 2012 Staff Recognition: Above and Beyond Awards and the Shirley Brooks-Jones Award. The Shirley Brooks-Jones Award recognizes staff excellence, the Key Values Award recognizes staff with less than 3 yea rs of experience. The Innovation Award goes to staff who initiate new improvements to the workplace, and the Special Recognition goes to a staff member who offered special assistance.Nomination forms are available online at the Staff Advisory Council website. Laura E. (Bast) Lindsey graduated with Honors in 2009 with BS and MS degrees from SENR, with a research focus in soil fertility. She has now joined the faculty in the HCS where she will serve as the Extension Specialist in Soybean and Small Grains for OSU Extension in collaboration with OARDC. Her focus will be to develop extension outreach education and research on soybean and wheat production within sustainable cropping systems. Laura is originally from Plymouth, OH.She obtained the PhD degree in Crop and Soil Science from Michigan State University in May 2012, where she conducted research in weed science and soil fertility. She has received several fellowships and grants, including the 2011 Outstanding Graduate Student Award in recognition of exceptional accomplishment, research, and service from the North Central Extension-Industry Soil Fertility Conference in Des Moines, IA. She is author of several peer-reviewed journal articles, numerous abstracts and proceedings articles, extension newsletter articles, and extension bulletins. If you would like to reconnect with Laura her email is lindsey. [email  protected] edu. Alum Returns One Last Thing —> Don’t wait! Take your PHA Today! Enrolled in an Ohio State medical plan? Complete the YP4H Personal Health Assessment (PHA) and Biometric Health Screening by Sept. 30th to receive the full 2013 PHA Medical Plan Premium Credit of $360. SENR BiWeek — 5 PUBLICATIONS Bhatti, Tariq M. , Jerry M. Bigham, Antti Vuorinen and Olli H. Tuovinen. 2012. Chemical and bacterial leaching of metals from black schist sulfide minerals in shake flasks. International Journal of Mineral Processing 110:25-29. Chaudhary, D. R. , J. Saxena, N. Lorenz and R. P. Dick. 2012.Distribution of recently fixed photosynthate in a switchgrass plant-soil system. Plant Soil and Environment 58(6):249255. Drobyshev, Igor, P. Charles Goebel, Yves Bergeron and R. Gregory Corace, III. 2012. Detecting changes in climate forcing on the fire regime of a North American mixedpine forest: A case study of Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Michigan. Dendrochronologia 30(2SI):137-145. Goebel, P. C. , K. S. Pregitzer and B. J. Palik. 2012. Influence of flooding and landform properties on riparian plant communities in an old-growth northern hardwood watershed. Wetlands 32:679-691.Goebel, P. C. , B. J. Pailk and K. S. Pregitzer. 2012. Structure and composition of riparian forests in an old-growth northern hardwood-hemlock watershed. Forest Ecology and Management 280:52-61. Gorney, Rebecca M. , Marsha G. Williams, Dawn R. Ferris and Lance R. Williams. 2012. The influence of channelization on fish communities in an agricultural coldwater stream system. American Midland Naturalist 168(1):132-143. Graser, William H. , III, Stanley D. Gehrt, Laura L. Hungerford and Chris Anchor. 2012. Variation in demographic patterns and population structure of raccoons across an urban landscape.Journal of Wildlife Management 76(5):976-987. Kautza, Adam and Mazeika P. Sullivan. 2012. Relative effects of local- and landscapescale environmental factors on stream fish assemblages: evidence from Idaho and Ohio, USA. Fundamental and Applied Limnology 180(3):259-270. Lane, Matthew, Nicola Lorenz, Jyotisna Saxena, Cliff Ramsier and Richard P. Dick. 2012. Microbial activity, community structure and potassium dynamics in rhizosphere soil of soybean plants treated with glyphosate. Pedobiologia 55(3):153-159. McConnell, T. E. 2012. The economic impact of Ohio’s wood furniture industry.Proceedings of the Forest Products Society 66th International Convention, Washington, DC. 7 p. Publications cont. McConnell, T. E. 2012. Forest products: Building economic growth i n Ohio. Procedings of the Forest Products Society 66th International Convention, Washington, DC. 6 p. McConnell, T. E. and D. K. Apsley. 2012. Jackson County’s forest economy. The Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet F-76-12. McConnell, T. E. and G. W. Graham. 2012. Holmes County’s forest economy. The Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet F-75-12. Sloan, John J. , Peter A. Y. Ampim, Nicholas T.Basta and Roger Scott. 2012. Addressing the need for soil blends and amendments for the highly modified urban landscape. Soil Science Society of America Journal 76(4)):1133-1141. Sullivan, S. Mazeika P. and Kerri T. Vierling. 2012. Exploring the influences of multiscale environmental factors on the American dipper Cinclus mexicanus. Ecography 35(7):624-626. PRESENTATIONS Charles Goebel presented ‘Complexity, resiliency, and restoration – Lessons from the forests of eastern North America' as an invited presentation to the School of Natural Resources, Trinit y College in Dublin, Ireland (July 16, 2012).Eric McConnell presented ‘The economic impact of Ohio’s wood furniture industry' and ‘Forest products: Building economic growth in Ohio' at the Forest Products Society 66th International Convention in Washington, DC (June 3-5, 2012). SENR BiWeek — 6 EVENTS Monday, August 6, 2012 CMASC Seminar @ 1:00 p. m. @ 460 Kottman Hall Speakers: Drs. Cerri and Maia, CMASC Visiting Scholars Title: Carbon Budget by Land Use Change and Biofuel Production in Brazil 2012 Teaching Orientation @ Ohio State Monday, August 13, 2012 CMASC Seminar @ 1:00 p. m. 460 Kottman Hall Speaker: Atanu Mukherjee, CMASC Postdoctoral Researcher Title: Impacts of Various Amendments in Soil Quality Friday, August 17, 2012 SENR Faculty Retreat @ 8:30 a. m. – 4:30 p. m. @ Alum Creek State Park Guest: Kaz Obrietan, Marketing Specialist This annual event has been designed specifically for new Ohio State GTAs, to reduce anxieties, provide some tech niques and strategies for effective teaching, and suggest resources for further assistance. The orientation is sponsored by the University Center for the Advancement of Teaching (UCAT).Tuesday, Aug. 14, 2012 1:00–2:00 p. m. , Hitchcock Hall Introduction to Teaching and Learning: Overview 2:20–5:00 p. m. , Central Classroom Building Introduction to Teaching and Learning: Part I Wednesday, Aug. 15, 2012 9:00 a. m. –12:30 p. m. , Central Classroom Building Introduction to Teaching and Learning: Part II Teaching as a Grader Teaching in the Clinical Setting Lunch – On Your Own, 12:30–2:00 p. m. 2:00–3:30 p. m. , Hitchcock Hall University Policies and Procedures Every Teacher Should Know 3:30–5:00 p. m. Physics Research Building Teaching Resource Fair Thursday, August 16, 2012 9:00–10:15 a. m. and 10:30–11:45 a. m. (morning sessions) 1:00–2:15 p. m. and 2:30–3:45 p. m. (afternoon sessions) Central Classroom Build ing (Unless otherwise noted) College Teaching Topics For more information visit the UCAT website. A New Website is Coming to SENR A team from SENR met on July 24th with a team from CommTech to officially kickoff a new SENR website. A college-wide project championed by Linda Martin, all academic units will have their web presence fall under a new CFAES umbrella site.Agricultural Communication, Education, and Leadership, along with Plant Pathology, have launched their new websites. A new CFAES Academic Programs website is scheduled to launch in August. The SENR website is scheduled to launch in January 2013. Kaz Obrietan of Kaz & Co. will also be contributing to the School's online presence. This SENR BiWeek contains highlights from the School along with announcements of upcoming seminars, programs and events. If you have items to be included in future mailings please forward your information to Pat Patterson.